Angola - OCHA: 20-May-03

OCHA Situation Report Angola January - March 2003 20 May 2003

Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Overview During the first quarter of 2003, the humanitarian situation improved steadily, although emergency pockets continued to exist in the interior, particularly in areas where mine infestation, poor road conditions and broken bridges limited access. By the end of the period, at least 308,700 people in 24 areas remained in critical need including 190,900 people who are isolated as a result of poor road conditions and mine infestation and 117,800 who are living in areas that have not yet been accessed by humanitarian agencies. In addition, acute levels of malnutrition are present in at least 14 areas, including 13 return sites where populations have been unable to establish food security. Conditions are also precarious in many of the transit centres and tented camps where former UNITA combatants and their families are being accommodated en route to their areas of destination. Population Movements Resettlement and Return According to Government figures, approximately 1.8 million IDPs had returned to areas of origin by the end of March, primarily in the provinces of Bié (230,640), Huambo (439,292), Huíla (107,613), Kuanza Sul (303,426) and Malanje (131,937). Although return movements slowed significantly during the first quarter of 2003 as a result of seasonal rains, thousands of IDPs returned spontaneously to areas of origin, particularly in the provinces of Bié, Cunene, Huíla, Kuanza Norte, Lunda Sul and Malanje. Only 220,000 IDPs have relocated under an organised plan. Partners estimate that 70 percent of IDPs have returned without any form of assistance from local authorities or humanitarian organisations to areas where the pre-conditions specified in the Norms were not in place. A large majority of these populations are at risk of food insecurity due to lack of agricultural inputs and are vulnerable to outbreaks of diseases due to the absence of basic social services. Between January and March 2003, critical needs emerged in a number of return locations in the provinces of Bengo, Bié, Huambo, Huíla, Kuando Kubango, Kuanza Sul, Lunda Sul, Malanje and Moxico. In the provinces of Bié, Huíla and Uíge, partners report that populations who have been unable to establish livelihoods have returned to IDP camps and resident communities in Caconda, Chipindo, Kuito, Matala, Uíge and Negage. In many provinces, returnees continue to maintain dual residences, with some family members remaining in IDP camps and population centres and others living in return areas. Government authorities report that approximately 130,000 Angolan refugees have spontaneously returned from neighbouring countries since January 2002. Of this number, more than 97,000 have been verified by UNHCR in Kuando Kubango, Moxico, Uíge and Zaire Provinces. Although the pace of return decreased during the rainy season, 9,631 refugees returning from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Zambia were registered in the provinces of Moxico (5,639), Uíge (204) and Zaire (3,788) during the first three months of the year. In addition, local authorities and humanitarian organisations in the provinces of Kuando Kubango, Lunda Norte and Lunda Sul have reported that small numbers of Angolan are returning regularly from the DRC, Namibia and Zambia. In several cases, refugees are entering the country in areas that are not accessible to humanitarian agencies and where minimum conditions are not in place. In Moxico Province, critical needs have been reported in Lumbala Kaquengue near the border with Zambia. In Uíge Province, local administrations and churches in Quimbele Municipality have reported that populations returning to the communes of Alto Zaza, Cuango and Icoca require health assistance and emergency items. In Zaire Province, refugees who crossed the border at Luvo have been forced to wait for several weeks before moving to their areas of origin due to the lack of transport. During the first quarter of 2003, UNHCR and the Angolan Government continued to prepare organised repatriation activities, which will begin in June 2003. The Tripartite Commissions for the Voluntary Repatriation of Angolan refugees met in Lusaka, Windhoek and Kinshasa and agreed on practical modalities for the repatriation operation. UNHCR estimates that approximately 150,000 Angolans will repatriate under an organised plan in 2003, including 88,000 from Zambia, 47,000 from the DRC and 15,000 from Namibia. In addition, an estimated 20,000 refugees will return spontaneously without assistance. Approximately 90 percent of the refugees will return to areas of origin in the provinces of Moxico (78,000), Zaire (33,000), Uíge (23,000), Kuando Kubango (11,000) and Lunda Norte (8,500). Gathering Areas According to information provided by the Government, approximately 49,100 ex-combatants and family members had left the gathering areas by the end of the year. During January 2003, several provincial Governments indicated that they were planning to close the areas after the rainy season. In many provinces, however, relocations were delayed due to lack of transport resources. In February, after additional resources were mobilised, the pace of relocation activities increased. Government authorities reported at the end of March that 25 gathering areas had been officially closed including: Mimbota and Fazenda Santa Cruz in Bengo Province, Chingongo, Chimboa, Fazenda Malongo, Fazenda Santa Cruz and Passe in Benguela Province, Gamba I and II and Ndele in Bié Province, Cafima in Cunene Province, Chiteta and Esfinge in Huambo Province, Soba Matias in Kuando Kubango Province, Mussabo in Kuanza Norte Province, Amboiva in Kuanza Sul Province, Chinege and Peso Velho in Lunda Sul Province, Damba in Malanje Province and Calala, Chicala I and Lucusse in Moxico Province, Uamba and Vale do Loge in Uíge Province and Madimba in Zaire Province. Authorities confirmed that more than 241,000 people had left the gathering areas, including 56,000 ex-combatants and 185,000 family members. The most significant return movements of demobilised soldiers occurred in the provinces of Benguela, Bié, Huambo, Huíla and Kuanza Sul. Transit Centres In an effort to facilitate the return and resettlement process, new transit centres were established in provincial and municipal centres for populations en route to their areas of destination. In some areas, populations have been forced to find shelter in old warehouses and abandoned buildings or in tented camps, often with limited access to appropriate water and sanitation facilities. At the end of the first quarter, an estimated 30,000 demobilised soldiers and family members remained in approximately 45 transit areas in the provinces of Bengo, Benguela, Bié, Huambo, Huíla, Kuando Kubango, Kuanza Sul, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico and Uíge. Less than 20 percent of this population had access to adequate access to shelter and water and sanitations. The most serious conditions were registered in the provinces of Bié, Huambo and Kuando Kubango. In Bié Province, approximately 2,500 demobilised soldiers and family members remained at two transit centres in Cunje at the end of March. Both centres were overcrowded. Some people had remained for more than one month at the centres and many were sleeping in the open air. Access to potable water and health facilities was inadequate. In Huambo Province, more than 6,000 demobilised soldiers and family members remained at the Acumol centre near Huambo. Conditions in the centre were appalling. Populations were living in overcrowded buildings without access to adequate shelter, water and sanitation facilities and health services. The nearby health post at Benfica lacked drugs and three persons died at the end of March. In Kuando Kubango Province, approximately 1,500 demobilised soldiers and family members remained at the Menongue transit centre. The centre was severely overcrowded and conditions were precarious. The centre had only eight latrines, most of which were unusable and the local health post had no drugs. Internal Displacement No internal displacement was reported during January and March, although some populations continued to seek assistance in areas where humanitarian operations are underway. In Kuando Kubango Province, approximately 1,500 people moved from their villages in the south-east of the province to Benda near Mavinga during March. In Kuanza Sul Province, humanitarian at least 1,300 people from Bailundo in Huambo Province arrived in Kachongono camp near Waku Kungo during February. According to the Government, more than 1,850,000 million people remain internally displaced in Angola including 285,000 IDPs who continue to live in approximately 95 camps and transit centres. Provinces with the largest concentrations of IDPs include Bié, Huambo, Huíla, Kuando Kubango and Kuanza Sul. Operational Environment Access At the beginning of the year, more than 460,000 people in 30 inaccessible areas were reportedly in critical need, including 385,000 people who were cut-off from assistance as result of poor road conditions and mine infestation. Efforts to reach vulnerable populations were hampered during the first quarter by mine incidents along roads used by humanitarian partners and commercial vehicles and the deterioration of physical infrastructure as a result of seasonal rains. Between January and March, at least 12 anti-tank and anti-personnel mine accidents were reported along access routes in the provinces of Benguela, Bié, Huíla, Kuando-Kubango and Lunda Sul. Poor road conditions and damaged bridges hampered the delivery of assistance in at least 35 municipalities in the provinces of Bengo, Benguela, Bié, Huambo, Huíla, Kuando Kubango, Kuanza Norte, Kuanza Sul, Lunda Sul, Moxico, Uíge and Zaire. Poor conditions on the main trunk roads to Luanda continued to hamper transport of humanitarian supplies to Uíge Province. The deterioration of airstrip conditions led to the temporary suspension of humanitarian flights to Mavinga in Kuando Kubango Province and Saurimo in Lunda Sul Province. During the three-month period, access was re-established to approximately 230,000 people in the following 20 areas: Belo Horizonte in Bié Province, Bimbe, Luvemba, Sambo, Samboto, Katchiungo and Mungo in Huambo Province, Lomba Ponte in Kuando Kubango Province, Amboiva and Cambale in Kuanza Sul Province, Ngumbi in Lunda Norte Province, Cacolo in Lunda Sul Province, Caculama, Damba, Kiwaba Nzogi, Quela, Soqueco and Xandel in Malanje Province, and Cameia and Lucusse in Moxico Province. As part of on-going efforts to expand access, humanitarian partners undertook the following: The UN Security Unit led more than 25 Level I security assessments in 12 provinces, including Benguela, Bié, Cabinda, Cunene, Huambo, Huíla, Kuanza Norte, Kuanza Sul, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico and Uíge. As a result, seven locations and 18 road links were opened for UN operations. Humanitarian partners conducted four inter-agency assessments in Cabinda and in Cazombo, Luau, and Lumbala Nguimbo in Moxico Province and 11 Inter-sectoral Mobile Team assessments in six provinces, including Bié, Huambo, Huíla, Kuanza Sul, Malanje and Moxico. Agencies used armoured vehicles and airdrops to deliver assistance in Luvemba and Sambo and Samboto in Huambo Province. Under the auspices of WFP's special operation to improve access to vulnerable populations, the Swedish Rescue Services Agency (SRSA) deployed a team in March to repair bridges in priority areas. As part of on-going efforts improve access and repair infrastructure, the Government undertook the following: In Huambo Province, local authorities repaired the bridges over the Caluenho, Colele and Cusso Rivers in Bailundo Municipality. As result, humanitarian agencies resumed operations in Mungo and Chiteta gathering area. In Kuanza Norte Province, authorities repaired a bridge over the Zenza River on the road to Ngonguembo Municipality. As a result, approximately 4,000 returnees in Ngonguembo Municipality were accessible to humanitarian organisations. In Moxico Province, authorities repaired the bridge over the Lussive River on the road Luena -- Lucusse. As result, humanitarian organisations were able to resume operations in Lucusse gathering area. In Zaire Province, access improved markedly following the repair of the road Luanda -- Soyo - Mbanza Congo. At the end of the quarter, at least 308,700 people in 24 inaccessible areas were still in critical need. This number included 190,900 people who were isolated as a result of poor road conditions and mine infestation and 117,800 who were living in areas that have not yet been accessed by humanitarian agencies. Mines During the first quarter, mine action organisations prioritised mine clearance on major roads and access routes to gathering areas and resettlement and return sites. Priority was also given to securing access to areas with critical needs. In Huambo Province, a Chubby system was deployed to de-mine the main road to Kuito, the access routes to Sambo and Samboto in Tchicala Tcholohanga Municipality, and other priorities established by humanitarian partners. In Kuando Kubango Province, partners launched an emergency demining operation to clear 20,000 square metres of mined ground in Mavinga. In Malanje Province, partners completed the mechanical de-mining of 17 km of road between Malanje City and Cambondo in February. The Inter-Sectoral Commission on Demining and Humanitarian Assistance (CNIDAH) established working groups for coordinating policy related to mine action and assistance to mine victims. In February, the Commission approved a national mine action plan aimed at strengthening the capacity of the National Demining Institute and the army to undertake mine clearance activities. Despite these steps, mine contamination and the limited capacity of de-mining agencies to clear sites and access routes continued to impede the delivery of humanitarian assistance and delayed programmes aimed at promoting agricultural production and resettlement. Flood Situation Several weeks of heavy rains caused serious damage in the province of Benguela, particularly in the commune of Dombe Grande in Baía Farta Municipality. Approximately 12,500 people lost their homes in Luacho and Sendje during March and inundated agricultural areas threatened to increase food insecurity. Access to these areas was severely restricted due to flooded surface routes. Representatives from the Provincial Government and humanitarian community conducted a technical assessment in the flooded area. At least 4,000 residents required food assistance, shelter and essential drugs. Food Security Food Assistance Based on the results of the Vulnerability Assessment carried out during October and November 2002, WFP conducted a review and forecast of its caseload during January 2003. Results indicated that approximately 2.1 million Angolans would be food insecure until the main harvest in April 2003, with the highest concentrations of food insecure populations in Bié, Huambo and Huíla Provinces. The review found that more than 325,000 food insecure people live in areas that have never been accessed by humanitarian agencies or have become inaccessible due to damaged infrastructure and mine infestation. During the first quarter, WFP planned to distribute 65,000 MTs of food assistance to an average of 1,482,000 beneficiaries per month. The caseload was reduced from December due to reduced access, movements out of gathering areas, termination of rations for families of children attending feeding centres and the conclusion of seasonal seed protection distributions. In addition to WFP, ICRC provided food assistance to 68,000 IDPs and returnees in Huambo Province and German Agro Action to 133,000 returnees in the provinces of Bengo (45,000), Benguela (52,000) and Kuanza Sul (36,000). Agriculture During January 2003, the Food Security Cabinet (GSA) of the Ministry of Agriculture conducted a mid-season assessment of the 2002 -- 2003 agricultural campaign in collaboration with FAO and WFP and with support from OCHA and UTCAH. Four teams composed of representatives from GSA, FAO and WFP visited ten provinces, including Benguela, Bié, Cunene, Huambo, Huíla, Kuando Kubango, Kuanza Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje and Uíge. The aim was to collect information on land availability, seed and tool distributions, rainfall patterns, crop development and trends, and population returns. Results from the assessment indicate the following: 1) basic agricultural tools and more than 5,300 MTs of seeds were distributed to 595,000 families; 2) although seeds and tools were distributed in larger quantities during 2002-2003 than the previous year, the quantities distributed were insufficient to meet the needs of the total population; 3) more area came under cultivation due to population return and improved circulation of goods and people; 4) rainfalls were regular and abundant in the majority of the provinces, with the exception of dry spells in some municipalities in the provinces of Kuanza Norte and Malanje and a drought in the southern regions of Cunene and Kuando Kubango Provinces; 5) overall production is expected to be higher than last year. In March, MINADER and FAO surveyed the humanitarian organisations that plan to assist populations during the 2003-2004 agricultural campaign. Preliminary results indicate that approximately 40 humanitarian organisations intend to assist more than 760,000 families. Provinces with the largest concentrations of beneficiaries include Bié, Huambo, Kuanza Sul, Malanje and Moxico. Public Health Morbidity and Mortality Morbidity and mortality rates remain high, particularly in newly accessible or remote locations where populations do not have regular access to basic health care services, potable water and appropriate sanitation. During the first quarter, cases of malaria, diarrhoea and respiratory infections increased as a result of seasonal rains. In Benguela Province, results from a survey conducted in March in Ganda and nearby areas indicated that mortality rates remain at emergency levels. Under-five and crude mortality rates were recorded at 2.5 and 1.2 deaths per 10,000 persons per day. In Huíla Province, a survey conducted in Chipindo and Galangue during February indicated that mortality remain at emergency levels. Under-five and crude mortality rates among resident populations were recorded at 3.1 and 1.5 deaths per 10,000 persons per day. In Lunda Sul Province and in Moxico Province, partners report alarming levels of mortality in Dala and Muconda and Léua Municipalities. Vaccine preventable diseases continued to be reported, particularly in previously inaccessible areas where vaccination programmes have been either infrequent or non-existent. According to information provided by the Centre of Epidemiological Surveillance of the Ministry of Health, 1,072 cases of measles and 63 related deaths were reported in 17 provinces between January and March. Overall, the number of measles cases registered during the first quarter, however, was significantly less than the number reported for the same period last year. The largest numbers of cases were recorded in the provinces Uíge (277 cases), Kuanza Sul (128 cases), Benguela (120 cases), Huambo (113 cases) and Huíla (112 cases). An outbreak of measles was reported in Bembe Municipality in Uíge Province during February. A total of 297 cases of meningitis and 31 related deaths were reported in 15 provinces during the same period. The largest numbers of cases were reported in Luanda (111 cases), Huambo (55 cases), Lunda Norte (28 cases) and Kuando Kubango (25 cases). An outbreak of meningitis was suspected in Cuango Municipality during February. In several provinces, provincial authorities have reported shortages of essential drugs due to delayed procurement. According to partners, the provinces of Huíla, Kuando Kubango, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Uíge and Zaire have been seriously affected by breaks in the essential drugs pipeline. Nutrition The nutrition situation improved markedly compared with the first quarter of 2002. In the majority of areas, the number of severely malnourished children admitted at therapeutic feeding centres was lower than during the same period last year. Despite improvements in the overall situation, pockets of malnutrition continue to exist, particularly in return sites where populations were unable to establish food security and basic social services are inadequate. In the majority of these locations, mine infestation and poor road conditions prevented humanitarian organisations from conducting assessments and hampered the delivery of assistance. At the end of March, alarming levels of acute malnutrition were reported in at least 14 locations in Huambo, Kuando Kubango and Lunda Sul Provinces. Other pockets may exist in return sites where basic conditions are not in place or in locations not yet accessible to humanitarian agencies. In Benguela Province, humanitarian partners conducted a nutritional survey among 900 children in accessible areas in Ganda Municipality. Survey results indicated global and severe malnutrition rates of 6.7 and 0.2 percent, respectively. In Cubal, the number of moderately malnourished children admitted at supplementary feeding centres increased, primarily as a result of expanded coverage of nutrition programmes. In Bié Province, the nutritional situation in Kuito Municipality remained stable. Reports indicate that resident children were admitted at feeding centres in greater number than displaced children who benefit from food assistance. Attendance at feeding centres in Camacupa decreased. As a result, the therapeutic feeding centre was transferred to the municipal hospital. In Huambo Province, a MUAC screening conducted in Mungo in February indicated global and severe malnutrition rates of 18.6 and 0.4 percent, respectively. Partners operating feeding centres in Bailundo expressed concern over alarming levels of malnutrition in Cassenge in Lunge Commune, as indicated by the high number of admissions of children arriving from this area. In Londuimbali, attendance at feeding centres remained high. In an effort reach isolated populations, partners established two additional mobile supplementary feeding centres. In Huíla Province, a nutritional survey in Chipindo and Galangue indicated an improvement in the nutrition situation. Global malnutrition rates among residents and populations living in the Galangue gathering areas were recorded at 5.8 and 5.2 percent, respectively, and severe malnutrition rates at 1.2 and 1.6 percent. In Caconda, attendance at feeding centres remained stable. Fifty percent of admissions at the centres were from Cusse, where many IDPs have returned to inaccessible areas where minimum conditions are not yet in place. In Kuando Kubango Province, attendance at the therapeutic feeding centre in Mavinga decreased. Partners remain concerned that populations living in inaccessible areas continue to suffer from high levels of malnutrition. In Malanje Province, nutritional screenings in Soqueco in Cacuso Municipality and Kiwaba Nzogi found low levels of malnutrition. In Soqueco, three children out of 77 children were found with moderate malnutrition. In Kiwaba Nzogi, out of 171 children screened, eight were moderately malnourished and two were severely malnourished. Attendance at feeding centres in Malanje City remained low. In Moxico Province, the number of children admitted at therapeutic and supplementary feeding centres in Luena remained low. As a result, two supplementary feeding centres were closed. Low levels of malnutrition were also reported in Cazombo and Luau. Education The demand for basic education has risen sharply, particularly for school-age children, as a result of increased access and large-scale return movements. Recent estimates from the Government indicate that more than one million children remained out of the educational system at the beginning of the school year in February, despite the efforts of provincial authorities and humanitarian organisations to strengthen the education sector for the new academic year. Educational opportunities remained limited in many areas, due to the combination of inadequate education facilities, lack of teachers, low levels of teacher training and lack of didactic materials. Although education authorities had successfully identified approximately 30,000 new teachers by the beginning of the school year, the majority of these teachers had not been incorporated into the Ministry of Education's roster due to technical constraints. As a result, many teachers were not able to begin working or receive salaries and a number of children were unable to start the school year in a timely manner. Poor teacher training continues to affect professional performance and contribute to low educational standards. In many newly accessible and return sites, the majority of newly identified teachers have only six or seven years of primary education and lack training and pedagogical experience. In many communities, particularly in return sites where basic conditions are not yet in place, education facilities are in poor condition or non-existent. In many provinces, poor road conditions during the seasonal rains hampered the efforts of provincial authorities to construct and rehabilitate educational infrastructure. Protection Human Rights General violations against displaced and returning populations, including harassment, looting, extortion, intimidation, physical abuse, rape and arbitrary detention have continued, particularly in areas where state administration is weak and where systems for redress remain inadequate. Municipal courts are functioning in only 14 municipalities in the provinces of Benguela, Huambo, Huíla, Kuanza Norte, Kuanza Sul, Luanda, Moxico, Namibe and Uíge. Compliance with the Norms and regulamento remain limited in the majority of return sites. In several instances, authorities have harassed refugees returning from neighbouring countries and requested bribes at border crossing points. A number of protection violations were reported in gathering areas, where populations had only limited access to the formal judicial system. Gender based violence was common and agencies reported that many girls in the gathering areas who were abducted during the conflict did not have freedom of movement. In several provinces, demobilised soldiers and family members have been transported to areas of origin in non-compliance with the Norms. In addition, thousands of people en route to their areas of origin have been accommodated in sub-standard transit centres, without access to adequate shelter and water and sanitation facilities. In some provinces, populations leaving the gathering areas were rejected by resident populations in their areas of origin. National Birth Registration Campaign Figures from the Ministry of Justice indicate that approximately 1,890,000 children were registered during the national birth registration campaign between August 2001 and December 2002, including 160,000 children living in the gathering areas. Provinces with the highest number of registered children are Benguela, Huambo, Huíla, Kuanza Sul and Luanda. At the beginning of the year, the Ministry of Justice announced that the campaign would be extended. During the first quarter, activities have focused on re-establishing registrar offices in all municipalities and supporting mobile brigades for extending birth registration activities in newly accessible areas and transit areas. Limited resources, lack of registration documents and difficulties with transporting registration teams during the rainy season have hampered implementation. Child Protection According to Government figures, approximately 100,000 children are separated from their families countrywide, 60 percent of whom have been registered by the Family Localisation and Reunification Programme of the Ministry of Social Affairs. Provinces with the highest numbers of separated children include Bié, Huambo, Kuando Kubango, Malanje and Moxico. During the first quarter, the Family Localisation and Reunification Programme continued to register the children separated from their families in gathering and newly accessible areas under the auspices of the child protection strategy adopted by the Government in May 2002. Since the inception of the strategy, a total of 6,682 separated children, including the majority who were living in the gathering areas, have been registered. Of these, 2,970 have been reunited with their families. During the same period, partners worked under the leadership of the Ministry of Social Affairs to strengthen provincial networks and prepare plans and mobilise resources for facilitating the reintegration of children reunited with their families. OCHA Angola Av. Comandante Valódia 206 5 Andar, Luanda Angola Tel. (244 2) 444 321 Fax. 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