Angola - OCHA: 20-May-03
OCHA Situation Report
Angola
January - March 2003
20 May 2003
Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Overview
During the first quarter of 2003, the humanitarian situation improved
steadily, although emergency pockets continued to exist in the interior,
particularly in areas where mine infestation, poor road conditions and
broken bridges limited access. By the end of the period, at least 308,700
people in 24 areas remained in critical need including 190,900 people who
are isolated as a result of poor road conditions and mine infestation and
117,800 who are living in areas that have not yet been accessed by
humanitarian agencies. In addition, acute levels of malnutrition are
present in at least 14 areas, including 13 return sites where populations
have been unable to establish food security. Conditions are also
precarious in many of the transit centres and tented camps where former
UNITA combatants and their families are being accommodated en route to
their areas of destination.
Population Movements
Resettlement and Return
According to Government figures, approximately 1.8 million IDPs had
returned to areas of origin by the end of March, primarily in the
provinces of Bié (230,640), Huambo (439,292), Huíla (107,613), Kuanza Sul
(303,426) and Malanje (131,937). Although return movements slowed
significantly during the first quarter of 2003 as a result of seasonal
rains, thousands of IDPs returned spontaneously to areas of origin,
particularly in the provinces of Bié, Cunene, Huíla, Kuanza Norte, Lunda
Sul and Malanje.
Only 220,000 IDPs have relocated under an organised plan. Partners
estimate that 70 percent of IDPs have returned without any form of
assistance from local authorities or humanitarian organisations to areas
where the pre-conditions specified in the Norms were not in place. A large
majority of these populations are at risk of food insecurity due to lack
of agricultural inputs and are vulnerable to outbreaks of diseases due to
the absence of basic social services. Between January and March 2003,
critical needs emerged in a number of return locations in the provinces of
Bengo, Bié, Huambo, Huíla, Kuando Kubango, Kuanza Sul, Lunda Sul, Malanje
and Moxico. In the provinces of Bié, Huíla and Uíge, partners report that
populations who have been unable to establish livelihoods have returned to
IDP camps and resident communities in Caconda, Chipindo, Kuito, Matala,
Uíge and Negage. In many provinces, returnees continue to maintain dual
residences, with some family members remaining in IDP camps and population
centres and others living in return areas.
Government authorities report that approximately 130,000 Angolan refugees
have spontaneously returned from neighbouring countries since January
2002. Of this number, more than 97,000 have been verified by UNHCR in
Kuando Kubango, Moxico, Uíge and Zaire Provinces. Although the pace of
return decreased during the rainy season, 9,631 refugees returning from
the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Zambia were registered in the
provinces of Moxico (5,639), Uíge (204) and Zaire (3,788) during the first
three months of the year. In addition, local authorities and humanitarian
organisations in the provinces of Kuando Kubango, Lunda Norte and Lunda
Sul have reported that small numbers of Angolan are returning regularly
from the DRC, Namibia and Zambia.
In several cases, refugees are entering the country in areas that are not
accessible to humanitarian agencies and where minimum conditions are not
in place. In Moxico Province, critical needs have been reported in Lumbala
Kaquengue near the border with Zambia. In Uíge Province, local
administrations and churches in Quimbele Municipality have reported that
populations returning to the communes of Alto Zaza, Cuango and Icoca
require health assistance and emergency items. In Zaire Province, refugees
who crossed the border at Luvo have been forced to wait for several weeks
before moving to their areas of origin due to the lack of transport.
During the first quarter of 2003, UNHCR and the Angolan Government
continued to prepare organised repatriation activities, which will begin
in June 2003. The Tripartite Commissions for the Voluntary Repatriation of
Angolan refugees met in Lusaka, Windhoek and Kinshasa and agreed on
practical modalities for the repatriation operation. UNHCR estimates that
approximately 150,000 Angolans will repatriate under an organised plan in
2003, including 88,000 from Zambia, 47,000 from the DRC and 15,000 from
Namibia. In addition, an estimated 20,000 refugees will return
spontaneously without assistance. Approximately 90 percent of the refugees
will return to areas of origin in the provinces of Moxico (78,000), Zaire
(33,000), Uíge (23,000), Kuando Kubango (11,000) and Lunda Norte (8,500).
Gathering Areas
According to information provided by the Government, approximately 49,100
ex-combatants and family members had left the gathering areas by the end
of the year. During January 2003, several provincial Governments indicated
that they were planning to close the areas after the rainy season. In many
provinces, however, relocations were delayed due to lack of transport
resources. In February, after additional resources were mobilised, the
pace of relocation activities increased. Government authorities reported
at the end of March that 25 gathering areas had been officially closed
including: Mimbota and Fazenda Santa Cruz in Bengo Province, Chingongo,
Chimboa, Fazenda Malongo, Fazenda Santa Cruz and Passe in Benguela
Province, Gamba I and II and Ndele in Bié Province, Cafima in Cunene
Province, Chiteta and Esfinge in Huambo Province, Soba Matias in Kuando
Kubango Province, Mussabo in Kuanza Norte Province, Amboiva in Kuanza Sul
Province, Chinege and Peso Velho in Lunda Sul Province, Damba in Malanje
Province and Calala, Chicala I and Lucusse in Moxico Province, Uamba and
Vale do Loge in Uíge Province and Madimba in Zaire Province. Authorities
confirmed that more than 241,000 people had left the gathering areas,
including 56,000 ex-combatants and 185,000 family members. The most
significant return movements of demobilised soldiers occurred in the
provinces of Benguela, Bié, Huambo, Huíla and Kuanza Sul.
Transit Centres
In an effort to facilitate the return and resettlement process, new
transit centres were established in provincial and municipal centres for
populations en route to their areas of destination. In some areas,
populations have been forced to find shelter in old warehouses and
abandoned buildings or in tented camps, often with limited access to
appropriate water and sanitation facilities. At the end of the first
quarter, an estimated 30,000 demobilised soldiers and family members
remained in approximately 45 transit areas in the provinces of Bengo,
Benguela, Bié, Huambo, Huíla, Kuando Kubango, Kuanza Sul, Lunda Norte,
Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico and Uíge. Less than 20 percent of this
population had access to adequate access to shelter and water and
sanitations. The most serious conditions were registered in the provinces
of Bié, Huambo and Kuando Kubango.
In Bié Province, approximately 2,500 demobilised soldiers and family
members remained at two transit centres in Cunje at the end of March.
Both centres were overcrowded. Some people had remained for more than
one month at the centres and many were sleeping in the open air. Access
to potable water and health facilities was inadequate.
In Huambo Province, more than 6,000 demobilised soldiers and family
members remained at the Acumol centre near Huambo. Conditions in the
centre were appalling. Populations were living in overcrowded buildings
without access to adequate shelter, water and sanitation facilities and
health services. The nearby health post at Benfica lacked drugs and
three persons died at the end of March.
In Kuando Kubango Province, approximately 1,500 demobilised soldiers
and family members remained at the Menongue transit centre. The centre
was severely overcrowded and conditions were precarious. The centre had
only eight latrines, most of which were unusable and the local health
post had no drugs.
Internal Displacement
No internal displacement was reported during January and March, although
some populations continued to seek assistance in areas where humanitarian
operations are underway.
In Kuando Kubango Province, approximately 1,500 people moved from their
villages in the south-east of the province to Benda near Mavinga during
March.
In Kuanza Sul Province, humanitarian at least 1,300 people from
Bailundo in Huambo Province arrived in Kachongono camp near Waku Kungo
during February.
According to the Government, more than 1,850,000 million people remain
internally displaced in Angola including 285,000 IDPs who continue to live
in approximately 95 camps and transit centres. Provinces with the largest
concentrations of IDPs include Bié, Huambo, Huíla, Kuando Kubango and
Kuanza Sul.
Operational Environment
Access
At the beginning of the year, more than 460,000 people in 30
inaccessible areas were reportedly in critical need, including 385,000
people who were cut-off from assistance as result of poor road
conditions and mine infestation. Efforts to reach vulnerable
populations were hampered during the first quarter by mine incidents
along roads used by humanitarian partners and commercial vehicles and
the deterioration of physical infrastructure as a result of seasonal
rains.
Between January and March, at least 12 anti-tank and anti-personnel
mine accidents were reported along access routes in the provinces of
Benguela, Bié, Huíla, Kuando-Kubango and Lunda Sul.
Poor road conditions and damaged bridges hampered the delivery of
assistance in at least 35 municipalities in the provinces of Bengo,
Benguela, Bié, Huambo, Huíla, Kuando Kubango, Kuanza Norte, Kuanza Sul,
Lunda Sul, Moxico, Uíge and Zaire.
Poor conditions on the main trunk roads to Luanda continued to hamper
transport of humanitarian supplies to Uíge Province.
The deterioration of airstrip conditions led to the temporary
suspension of humanitarian flights to Mavinga in Kuando Kubango
Province and Saurimo in Lunda Sul Province.
During the three-month period, access was re-established to approximately
230,000 people in the following 20 areas: Belo Horizonte in Bié Province,
Bimbe, Luvemba, Sambo, Samboto, Katchiungo and Mungo in Huambo Province,
Lomba Ponte in Kuando Kubango Province, Amboiva and Cambale in Kuanza Sul
Province, Ngumbi in Lunda Norte Province, Cacolo in Lunda Sul Province,
Caculama, Damba, Kiwaba Nzogi, Quela, Soqueco and Xandel in Malanje
Province, and Cameia and Lucusse in Moxico Province.
As part of on-going efforts to expand access, humanitarian partners
undertook the following:
The UN Security Unit led more than 25 Level I security assessments in
12 provinces, including Benguela, Bié, Cabinda, Cunene, Huambo, Huíla,
Kuanza Norte, Kuanza Sul, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico and Uíge. As a
result, seven locations and 18 road links were opened for UN
operations.
Humanitarian partners conducted four inter-agency assessments in
Cabinda and in Cazombo, Luau, and Lumbala Nguimbo in Moxico Province
and 11 Inter-sectoral Mobile Team assessments in six provinces,
including Bié, Huambo, Huíla, Kuanza Sul, Malanje and Moxico.
Agencies used armoured vehicles and airdrops to deliver assistance in
Luvemba and Sambo and Samboto in Huambo Province.
Under the auspices of WFP's special operation to improve access to
vulnerable populations, the Swedish Rescue Services Agency (SRSA)
deployed a team in March to repair bridges in priority areas.
As part of on-going efforts improve access and repair infrastructure, the
Government undertook the following:
In Huambo Province, local authorities repaired the bridges over the
Caluenho, Colele and Cusso Rivers in Bailundo Municipality. As result,
humanitarian agencies resumed operations in Mungo and Chiteta gathering
area.
In Kuanza Norte Province, authorities repaired a bridge over the Zenza
River on the road to Ngonguembo Municipality. As a result,
approximately 4,000 returnees in Ngonguembo Municipality were
accessible to humanitarian organisations.
In Moxico Province, authorities repaired the bridge over the Lussive
River on the road Luena -- Lucusse. As result, humanitarian
organisations were able to resume operations in Lucusse gathering area.
In Zaire Province, access improved markedly following the repair of the
road Luanda -- Soyo - Mbanza Congo.
At the end of the quarter, at least 308,700 people in 24 inaccessible
areas were still in critical need. This number included 190,900 people who
were isolated as a result of poor road conditions and mine infestation and
117,800 who were living in areas that have not yet been accessed by
humanitarian agencies.
Mines
During the first quarter, mine action organisations prioritised mine
clearance on major roads and access routes to gathering areas and
resettlement and return sites. Priority was also given to securing access
to areas with critical needs. In Huambo Province, a Chubby system was
deployed to de-mine the main road to Kuito, the access routes to Sambo and
Samboto in Tchicala Tcholohanga Municipality, and other priorities
established by humanitarian partners. In Kuando Kubango Province, partners
launched an emergency demining operation to clear 20,000 square metres of
mined ground in Mavinga. In Malanje Province, partners completed the
mechanical de-mining of 17 km of road between Malanje City and Cambondo in
February.
The Inter-Sectoral Commission on Demining and Humanitarian Assistance
(CNIDAH) established working groups for coordinating policy related to
mine action and assistance to mine victims. In February, the Commission
approved a national mine action plan aimed at strengthening the capacity
of the National Demining Institute and the army to undertake mine
clearance activities. Despite these steps, mine contamination and the
limited capacity of de-mining agencies to clear sites and access routes
continued to impede the delivery of humanitarian assistance and delayed
programmes aimed at promoting agricultural production and resettlement.
Flood Situation
Several weeks of heavy rains caused serious damage in the province of
Benguela, particularly in the commune of Dombe Grande in Baía Farta
Municipality. Approximately 12,500 people lost their homes in Luacho and
Sendje during March and inundated agricultural areas threatened to
increase food insecurity. Access to these areas was severely restricted
due to flooded surface routes. Representatives from the Provincial
Government and humanitarian community conducted a technical assessment in
the flooded area. At least 4,000 residents required food assistance,
shelter and essential drugs.
Food Security
Food Assistance
Based on the results of the Vulnerability Assessment carried out during
October and November 2002, WFP conducted a review and forecast of its
caseload during January 2003. Results indicated that approximately 2.1
million Angolans would be food insecure until the main harvest in April
2003, with the highest concentrations of food insecure populations in Bié,
Huambo and Huíla Provinces. The review found that more than 325,000 food
insecure people live in areas that have never been accessed by
humanitarian agencies or have become inaccessible due to damaged
infrastructure and mine infestation.
During the first quarter, WFP planned to distribute 65,000 MTs of food
assistance to an average of 1,482,000 beneficiaries per month. The
caseload was reduced from December due to reduced access, movements out of
gathering areas, termination of rations for families of children attending
feeding centres and the conclusion of seasonal seed protection
distributions. In addition to WFP, ICRC provided food assistance to 68,000
IDPs and returnees in Huambo Province and German Agro Action to 133,000
returnees in the provinces of Bengo (45,000), Benguela (52,000) and Kuanza
Sul (36,000).
Agriculture
During January 2003, the Food Security Cabinet (GSA) of the Ministry of
Agriculture conducted a mid-season assessment of the 2002 -- 2003
agricultural campaign in collaboration with FAO and WFP and with support
from OCHA and UTCAH. Four teams composed of representatives from GSA, FAO
and WFP visited ten provinces, including Benguela, Bié, Cunene, Huambo,
Huíla, Kuando Kubango, Kuanza Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje and Uíge. The aim
was to collect information on land availability, seed and tool
distributions, rainfall patterns, crop development and trends, and
population returns.
Results from the assessment indicate the following:
1) basic agricultural tools and more than 5,300 MTs of seeds were
distributed to 595,000 families;
2) although seeds and tools were distributed in larger quantities during
2002-2003 than the previous year, the quantities distributed were
insufficient to meet the needs of the total population;
3) more area came under cultivation due to population return and improved
circulation of goods and people;
4) rainfalls were regular and abundant in the majority of the provinces,
with the exception of dry spells in some municipalities in the provinces
of Kuanza Norte and Malanje and a drought in the southern regions of
Cunene and Kuando Kubango Provinces;
5) overall production is expected to be higher than last year.
In March, MINADER and FAO surveyed the humanitarian organisations that
plan to assist populations during the 2003-2004 agricultural campaign.
Preliminary results indicate that approximately 40 humanitarian
organisations intend to assist more than 760,000 families. Provinces with
the largest concentrations of beneficiaries include Bié, Huambo, Kuanza
Sul, Malanje and Moxico.
Public Health
Morbidity and Mortality
Morbidity and mortality rates remain high, particularly in newly
accessible or remote locations where populations do not have regular
access to basic health care services, potable water and appropriate
sanitation. During the first quarter, cases of malaria, diarrhoea and
respiratory infections increased as a result of seasonal rains.
In Benguela Province, results from a survey conducted in March in Ganda
and nearby areas indicated that mortality rates remain at emergency
levels. Under-five and crude mortality rates were recorded at 2.5 and
1.2 deaths per 10,000 persons per day.
In Huíla Province, a survey conducted in Chipindo and Galangue during
February indicated that mortality remain at emergency levels.
Under-five and crude mortality rates among resident populations were
recorded at 3.1 and 1.5 deaths per 10,000 persons per day.
In Lunda Sul Province and in Moxico Province, partners report alarming
levels of mortality in Dala and Muconda and Léua Municipalities.
Vaccine preventable diseases continued to be reported, particularly in
previously inaccessible areas where vaccination programmes have been
either infrequent or non-existent.
According to information provided by the Centre of Epidemiological
Surveillance of the Ministry of Health, 1,072 cases of measles and 63
related deaths were reported in 17 provinces between January and March.
Overall, the number of measles cases registered during the first
quarter, however, was significantly less than the number reported for
the same period last year. The largest numbers of cases were recorded
in the provinces Uíge (277 cases), Kuanza Sul (128 cases), Benguela
(120 cases), Huambo (113 cases) and Huíla (112 cases). An outbreak of
measles was reported in Bembe Municipality in Uíge Province during
February.
A total of 297 cases of meningitis and 31 related deaths were reported
in 15 provinces during the same period. The largest numbers of cases
were reported in Luanda (111 cases), Huambo (55 cases), Lunda Norte (28
cases) and Kuando Kubango (25 cases). An outbreak of meningitis was
suspected in Cuango Municipality during February.
In several provinces, provincial authorities have reported shortages of
essential drugs due to delayed procurement. According to partners, the
provinces of Huíla, Kuando Kubango, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Uíge
and Zaire have been seriously affected by breaks in the essential drugs
pipeline.
Nutrition
The nutrition situation improved markedly compared with the first quarter
of 2002. In the majority of areas, the number of severely malnourished
children admitted at therapeutic feeding centres was lower than during the
same period last year. Despite improvements in the overall situation,
pockets of malnutrition continue to exist, particularly in return sites
where populations were unable to establish food security and basic social
services are inadequate. In the majority of these locations, mine
infestation and poor road conditions prevented humanitarian organisations
from conducting assessments and hampered the delivery of assistance. At
the end of March, alarming levels of acute malnutrition were reported in
at least 14 locations in Huambo, Kuando Kubango and Lunda Sul Provinces.
Other pockets may exist in return sites where basic conditions are not in
place or in locations not yet accessible to humanitarian agencies.
In Benguela Province, humanitarian partners conducted a nutritional
survey among 900 children in accessible areas in Ganda Municipality.
Survey results indicated global and severe malnutrition rates of 6.7
and 0.2 percent, respectively. In Cubal, the number of moderately
malnourished children admitted at supplementary feeding centres
increased, primarily as a result of expanded coverage of nutrition
programmes.
In Bié Province, the nutritional situation in Kuito Municipality
remained stable. Reports indicate that resident children were admitted
at feeding centres in greater number than displaced children who
benefit from food assistance. Attendance at feeding centres in Camacupa
decreased. As a result, the therapeutic feeding centre was transferred
to the municipal hospital.
In Huambo Province, a MUAC screening conducted in Mungo in February
indicated global and severe malnutrition rates of 18.6 and 0.4 percent,
respectively. Partners operating feeding centres in Bailundo expressed
concern over alarming levels of malnutrition in Cassenge in Lunge
Commune, as indicated by the high number of admissions of children
arriving from this area. In Londuimbali, attendance at feeding centres
remained high. In an effort reach isolated populations, partners
established two additional mobile supplementary feeding centres.
In Huíla Province, a nutritional survey in Chipindo and Galangue
indicated an improvement in the nutrition situation. Global
malnutrition rates among residents and populations living in the
Galangue gathering areas were recorded at 5.8 and 5.2 percent,
respectively, and severe malnutrition rates at 1.2 and 1.6 percent. In
Caconda, attendance at feeding centres remained stable. Fifty percent
of admissions at the centres were from Cusse, where many IDPs have
returned to inaccessible areas where minimum conditions are not yet in
place.
In Kuando Kubango Province, attendance at the therapeutic feeding
centre in Mavinga decreased. Partners remain concerned that populations
living in inaccessible areas continue to suffer from high levels of
malnutrition.
In Malanje Province, nutritional screenings in Soqueco in Cacuso
Municipality and Kiwaba Nzogi found low levels of malnutrition. In
Soqueco, three children out of 77 children were found with moderate
malnutrition. In Kiwaba Nzogi, out of 171 children screened, eight were
moderately malnourished and two were severely malnourished. Attendance
at feeding centres in Malanje City remained low.
In Moxico Province, the number of children admitted at therapeutic and
supplementary feeding centres in Luena remained low. As a result, two
supplementary feeding centres were closed. Low levels of malnutrition
were also reported in Cazombo and Luau.
Education
The demand for basic education has risen sharply, particularly for
school-age children, as a result of increased access and large-scale
return movements. Recent estimates from the Government indicate that more
than one million children remained out of the educational system at the
beginning of the school year in February, despite the efforts of
provincial authorities and humanitarian organisations to strengthen the
education sector for the new academic year. Educational opportunities
remained limited in many areas, due to the combination of inadequate
education facilities, lack of teachers, low levels of teacher training and
lack of didactic materials.
Although education authorities had successfully identified
approximately 30,000 new teachers by the beginning of the school year,
the majority of these teachers had not been incorporated into the
Ministry of Education's roster due to technical constraints. As a
result, many teachers were not able to begin working or receive
salaries and a number of children were unable to start the school year
in a timely manner.
Poor teacher training continues to affect professional performance and
contribute to low educational standards. In many newly accessible and
return sites, the majority of newly identified teachers have only six
or seven years of primary education and lack training and pedagogical
experience.
In many communities, particularly in return sites where basic
conditions are not yet in place, education facilities are in poor
condition or non-existent. In many provinces, poor road conditions
during the seasonal rains hampered the efforts of provincial
authorities to construct and rehabilitate educational infrastructure.
Protection
Human Rights
General violations against displaced and returning populations, including
harassment, looting, extortion, intimidation, physical abuse, rape and
arbitrary detention have continued, particularly in areas where state
administration is weak and where systems for redress remain inadequate.
Municipal courts are functioning in only 14 municipalities in the
provinces of Benguela, Huambo, Huíla, Kuanza Norte, Kuanza Sul, Luanda,
Moxico, Namibe and Uíge.
Compliance with the Norms and regulamento remain limited in the
majority of return sites. In several instances, authorities have
harassed refugees returning from neighbouring countries and requested
bribes at border crossing points.
A number of protection violations were reported in gathering areas,
where populations had only limited access to the formal judicial
system. Gender based violence was common and agencies reported that
many girls in the gathering areas who were abducted during the conflict
did not have freedom of movement.
In several provinces, demobilised soldiers and family members have been
transported to areas of origin in non-compliance with the Norms. In
addition, thousands of people en route to their areas of origin have
been accommodated in sub-standard transit centres, without access to
adequate shelter and water and sanitation facilities. In some
provinces, populations leaving the gathering areas were rejected by
resident populations in their areas of origin.
National Birth Registration Campaign
Figures from the Ministry of Justice indicate that approximately 1,890,000
children were registered during the national birth registration campaign
between August 2001 and December 2002, including 160,000 children living
in the gathering areas. Provinces with the highest number of registered
children are Benguela, Huambo, Huíla, Kuanza Sul and Luanda.
At the beginning of the year, the Ministry of Justice announced that the
campaign would be extended. During the first quarter, activities have
focused on re-establishing registrar offices in all municipalities and
supporting mobile brigades for extending birth registration activities in
newly accessible areas and transit areas. Limited resources, lack of
registration documents and difficulties with transporting registration
teams during the rainy season have hampered implementation.
Child Protection
According to Government figures, approximately 100,000 children are
separated from their families countrywide, 60 percent of whom have been
registered by the Family Localisation and Reunification Programme of the
Ministry of Social Affairs. Provinces with the highest numbers of
separated children include Bié, Huambo, Kuando Kubango, Malanje and
Moxico. During the first quarter, the Family Localisation and
Reunification Programme continued to register the children separated from
their families in gathering and newly accessible areas under the auspices
of the child protection strategy adopted by the Government in May 2002.
Since the inception of the strategy, a total of 6,682 separated children,
including the majority who were living in the gathering areas, have been
registered. Of these, 2,970 have been reunited with their families. During
the same period, partners worked under the leadership of the Ministry of
Social Affairs to strengthen provincial networks and prepare plans and
mobilise resources for facilitating the reintegration of children reunited
with their families.
OCHA Angola
Av. Comandante Valódia 206
5 Andar, Luanda Angola
Tel. (244 2) 444 321 Fax. (244 2) 442 710
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